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The Journal of Special Education
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Acronym for any Dysfunction or Difficulty

Gay Goodman

Mary Jo Poillion

University of Houston

The purpose of this article is to review the professional literature related to the identification of causes and characteristics of attention deficit disorder (ADD) in school-age learners. Forty-eight articles and books written by leading authors in the field were synthesized to determine the extent of agreement regarding the characteristics and causes of this frequently used label. A total of 69 characteristics and 38 causes were cited, evidencing no clear-cut pattern for identifying the condition and little agreement for what causes ADD. Implications for current practices of diagnosis and treatment as well as future research directions are discussed.

The Journal of Special Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, 37-56 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/002246699202600103


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